“An access control system is a comprehensive security solution that regulates and monitors entry to physical locations, digital resources, or information networks. It utilizes a combination of hardware (such as electronic locks, card readers, and biometric scanners) and software (including authentication protocols and centralized management interfaces) to authenticate users and grant appropriate permissions based on predefined criteria. By enforcing access policies, these systems prevent unauthorized individuals from entering restricted areas or gaining unauthorized digital privileges, thereby safeguarding sensitive data, assets, and personnel. Access control systems are integral in various sectors, including commercial buildings, government facilities, healthcare institutions, and IT networks, ensuring both physical and digital security measures align with organizational requirements and compliance standards.”