“A computing system encompasses a complex interplay of hardware, software, and network infrastructure designed to process, store, and communicate information effectively. At its core, hardware components such as processors, memory modules, storage devices, and input/output devices form the physical foundation, enabling the execution of computational tasks. These components are orchestrated by software systems, including operating systems, applications, and middleware, which manage resources, facilitate user interaction, and coordinate data processing activities. Network infrastructure further extends the system’s capabilities by enabling connectivity between devices, facilitating data exchange over local or global networks. Together, these elements create a dynamic ecosystem capable of supporting a wide range of computing activities, from basic personal computing tasks to complex enterprise-level operations in sectors like finance, healthcare, and scientific research.”